Could the dirty boots of an employee helping on another farm transmit avian influenza virus to this flock?

• A. No
• B. Yes
• C. Not enough information
• D. Only if boots are contaminated with soil

Answer: (B)

Fomite transmission is a key route for avian influenza: the virus can hitch a ride on inanimate objects like footwear and be carried from one farm to another. Dirty boots that have touched infected birds, manure, or contaminated soil can harbor virus on their soles. When the worker moves to another flock and steps into housing or onto surfaces, the virus can be deposited and potentially infect susceptible birds. The virus can survive on organic material and in soil for varying times depending on conditions, so visible dirt isn’t a reliable indicator of safety. That’s why dirty boots could transmit the virus to this flock, making strict footwear changes and disinfection between farms essential. The idea that transmission would only occur if soil is present is too restrictive, since contamination can occur with feces, secretions, or moisture beyond visible soil.